ABSTRACT
Background: Volumetric evaluation of thyroid gland volume [TGV] is one of the criteria determining the iodine status of a population. TGV is the product of 3 dimension of each lobe: Anterio-posterior [AP] x medio-lateral [ML] x and craniocaudal [CC] x correction factor
Objectives: To determine the effect of serum TSH on thyroid dimensions of each lobe and to measure the amount of effect of per unit increase in serum TSH on thyroid dimensions of each lobe in euthyroids
Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study
Setting: The study was conducted at Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi. Methodology: Healthy participants aged 21 years and above were included through convenient sampling. Serum Thyroid stimulating hormone was evaluated and ultrasound of thyroid gland TG of 192 euthyroid participants was performed. Spearman correlation and regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between TSH and TG dimensions
Results: Relationship of increase in serum TSH with decrease in light lobe AP dimension was most significant. [r= -0.142 P-Value=0.001] and CC dimension least significant [r= -0.0098 P-Value=0.001]. Where as in the left lobe AP dimension decreases significantly with increase serum TSH [r= -0.147 P-value=0.001]. 11.7% of total variation in AP dimension, 3.5% of total variation in ML dimension and 6.5% of total variation in CC dimension in right lobe thyroid are because of serum TSH. While 9.5% of the total variation in AP dimension in left lobe is also due to serum TSH
Conclusion: Negative and significant correlation between serum TSH and thyroid dimensions was observed. Serum TSH inversely and significantly affects all the dimensions of the right lobe and only one dimension in the left lobe
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the histological effects of insulin, metformin and insulin-metformin combination on liver morphology in high fat diet [HFD] / Streptozotocin [STZ] induced diabetic albino rats
Study Design: Experimental and comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [IBMS], Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS], Ojha Campus, Karachi, from January to August 2012
Methodology: The study was conducted on 50 HFD/STZ induced diabetic albino wistar rats which were randomized into 5 groups. One of the groups was treated with insulin, one with metformin, and the other group with insulin-metformin combination for 4 weeks. One of the groups was left untreated. One group was control group. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and livers were isolated, weighed, processed and stained to analyse the difference in hepatic morphology in each treated and untreated groups, then the results were compared with control rats
Results: Statistically significant difference [p < 0.0001] was seen between the groups by using Kruskill Wallis Test. To further investigate the effectiveness of insulin, metformin and insulin-metformin combination, Mann-Whitney U-test was applied. Statistically significant difference was noticed when diabetic rats were given insulin-metformin combination [p < 0.0001]
Conclusion: The combination therapy was observed to have better effects on liver morphology than insulin and metformin used separately
ABSTRACT
In present study, the effects of insulin on the volume, absolute and relative weight of liver was studied in Wistar albino rats for a period of 4 weeks. Retrospective / observational study. This study was conducted in the Animal House of DUHS and it took 8 months 1[st] June 2011 to 1[st] Feb 2012 to be completed. The Male Wistar albino rats which were randomized into 3 groups; each group containing 10 rats. Group A served as control, Group B as insulin treated and Group E as untreated diabetic rats. All the other rats except the Group A were kept on in-house prepared High Fat Diet [HFD] throughout the study. After 2 weeks of exclusive HFD, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal [IP] injection of low dose streptozocin [STZ 3.5mg/100gm]. After the induction, one group was left untreated [Group E] and one group [Group B] was treated with insulin for 4 weeks. The rats were then, sacrificed, liver was isolated, weighed, and its dimensions were noted. The mean absolute liver weight [ALW] of rats was observed as 8.60 +/- 2.54 gm, 13.18 +/- 0.68 gm and 9.40 +/- 3.18.gm in control, untreated and insulin treated groups respectively. And the mean percent liver weight [PLW] was calculated as 2.99 +/- 0.66%, 5.10 +/- 0.73% and 3.99 +/- 1.37% in control, untreated and insulin treated groups respectively. Statistically significant difference was noted between ALW, PLW and liver volume of rats of the three groups. Insulin decreases the volume, absolute and relative weight of liver of diabetic rats when used for a short period
ABSTRACT
The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of the in-house prepared high fat diet [HFD] on body weights of rats. Comparative, Experimental Study. The study was conducted at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [IBMS], Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS], Ojha Campus, Karachi in a period of 2-3 weeks. The study was conducted on 20 male albino Wistar rats which were randomized into 2 groups: each group containing 10 rats. HFD-fed rats were kept on in-house prepared HFD and wate ad libitum throughout the study. While control/ Non-HFD fed rats were kept on standard diet and water. SPSS [version 16.0] was used in the study analysis. The mean difference in body weights of rats was analyzed by using ANOVA.. The results are expressed as mean +/- SD. The results report that there is statistically significant difference [P-value <0.001] between HFD-fed and non HFD-fed groups. HFD-fed group gained significant weight when fed an in-house prepared diet in comparison to non HFD-fed group in 2-3 weeks
ABSTRACT
To observe the effects of acute and chronic noise stress on the body weight of male albino rats. comparative and experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, in Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi for a period of 2 months. 30 rats were put under observation to observe the effects of noise. 10 were put as a control, 10 were exposed to acute noise [24 hrs] and the remaining 10 were exposed to chronic noise for [4hrs/ day for 30 days]. It was observed that the rats who were subjected to chronic noise showed more decrease in body weight as compared to the rats that were exposed to acute noise. It was modulated that stress induced cortisol release in the blood has an effect on the body weight